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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic Early Embryonic-like Programs during Chemical Reprogramming.

Ting Zhao1, Yao Fu2, Jialiang Zhu2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Stem Cell Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Cell Stem Cell
|June 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chemical reprogramming to pluripotency involves an intermediate extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state. Enhancing two-cell (2C) embryonic-like programs accelerates this process, revealing key molecular dynamics.

Keywords:
2C-like programCiPSCXEN-like cellZscan4chemical reprogrammingearly embryonic-like programsgenome-wide hypomethylationpluripotencyreprogramming trajectorysingle-cell RNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chemical reprogramming is a key tool for studying pluripotency.
  • Previous research identified an intermediate extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving pluripotency acquisition are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissect the molecular dynamics of chemical reprogramming to pluripotency.
  • To identify key molecular events and cell states during reprogramming.
  • To explore methods for accelerating the reprogramming process.

Main Methods:

  • Profiling 36,199 single-cell transcriptomes using RNA-sequencing at multiple time points.
  • Reconstructing cell progression trajectories.
  • Analyzing transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures.

Main Results:

  • Identified sequential molecular events during reprogramming from a XEN-like state.
  • Revealed the importance of dynamic early embryonic-like programs, including two-cell (2C) embryonic-like and early pluripotency signatures.
  • Observed genome-wide DNA demethylation as a key epigenetic event.
  • Demonstrated that enhancing the 2C-like program accelerates reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic early embryonic programs are crucial for efficient chemical reprogramming to pluripotency.
  • Fine-tuning chemical treatments to enhance the 2C-like program can accelerate reprogramming.
  • This study provides high-resolution insights into cell fate dynamics and induced pluripotency.