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Related Concept Videos

Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
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The Inner Nuclear Membrane Is a Metabolically Active Territory that Generates Nuclear Lipid Droplets.

Anete Romanauska1, Alwin Köhler1

  • 1Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Cell
|June 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The inner nuclear membrane (INM) actively metabolizes lipids, forming nuclear lipid droplets for storage. This discovery links nuclear membrane metabolism to genome regulation and may impact human lipodystrophy research.

Keywords:
LipinSeipindiacylglycerolendoplasmic reticuluminner nuclear membranelipid metabolismlipid sensorsnuclear lipid dropletsphosphatidic acidtranscription factor

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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The inner nuclear membrane (INM) is part of the nuclear envelope, enclosing the genome.
  • The outer nuclear membrane (ONM) connects to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a lipid synthesis hub.
  • Metabolic functions of the INM have been poorly understood compared to the ER and ONM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic capabilities of the inner nuclear membrane (INM).
  • To explore the role of the INM in lipid metabolism and storage.
  • To understand the regulation of nuclear lipid droplet formation and its connection to genome regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) as a model organism.
  • Identified enzymes targeted to the INM for lipid metabolism.
  • Investigated the formation and function of nuclear lipid droplets and associated membrane bridges.
  • Analyzed the genetic circuit controlling nuclear lipid droplet synthesis.
  • Examined the sequestration of transcription factors by nuclear lipid droplets.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the INM is capable of lipid metabolism and storage.
  • Showed that S. cerevisiae synthesizes nuclear lipid droplets from the INM.
  • Identified Seipin-dependent membrane bridges involved in lipid exchange.
  • Uncovered a genetic circuit regulating nuclear lipid droplet synthesis.
  • Revealed that nuclear lipid droplets regulate this circuit by sequestering a transcription factor.

Conclusions:

  • The inner nuclear membrane (INM) possesses adaptable lipid metabolic activity.
  • Nuclear lipid droplet formation is linked to INM metabolism and genome regulation.
  • Findings have implications for understanding human lipodystrophy and nuclear-genome interactions.