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This study presents a chip-scale magnetometer utilizing whispering gallery mode resonators. The device achieves high sensitivity for magnetic field detection using a micro-magnet integrated with a glass microspherical shell.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physics

Background:

  • Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators offer high sensitivity for sensing applications.
  • Miniaturized magnetometers are crucial for various scientific and technological fields.
  • Integrating optical resonators with magnetic elements enables novel transduction mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a chip-scale magnetometer based on whispering gallery mode resonators.
  • To investigate the transduction of magnetic forces into optical resonance frequency shifts.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity and limit of detection of the proposed magnetometer.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of high quality factor (Q > 1.1 × 10^7) glass microspherical shell resonators.
  • Elastic coupling and integration of a neodymium micro-magnet onto the resonator.
  • Measurement of optical resonance frequency shift in response to external magnetic fields.
  • Analysis of mechanical deformation and photoelastic effects for transduction.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.43 GHz/mT (4.0 pm/mT) at 760 nm wavelength.
  • Achieved an experimental limit of detection of 60 nT Hz^-1/2 at 100 Hz.
  • Calculated a theoretical thermorefractive limited detection limit of 52 pT Hz^-1/2 at 100 Hz.

Conclusions:

  • The chip-scale whispering gallery mode resonator magnetometer exhibits promising performance for sensitive magnetic field measurements.
  • The primary transduction mechanism is the mechanical deformation of the microbubble resonator.
  • The device shows potential for further miniaturization and integration in various sensing platforms.