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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Andreev bound states at spin-active interfaces.

D Beckmann1,2, F Hübler3,2,4, M J Wolf3

  • 1Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany detlef.beckmann@kit.edu.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Andreev bound states form in various superconducting structures due to spin-dependent scattering. Spectroscopy of these states probes superconducting properties and interface effects.

Keywords:
Andreev bound statesmagnetismsuperconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Andreev bound states are fundamental phenomena in superconducting hybrid structures.
  • They manifest near impurities, Josephson junctions, vortex cores, and interfaces.
  • At spin-active superconductor-ferromagnet interfaces, spin-dependent scattering generates these states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of Andreev bound states in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid structures.
  • To highlight their significance in generating triplet Cooper pairs.
  • To emphasize their utility as a spectroscopic probe.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic analysis of Andreev bound states.
  • Theoretical investigations of spin-dependent scattering phases.
  • Probing superconducting order parameter symmetry.

Main Results:

  • Andreev bound states arise from spin-dependent scattering phases at interfaces.
  • These states are crucial for generating triplet Cooper pairs.
  • Spectroscopy reveals insights into interface scattering and triplet proximity effects.

Conclusions:

  • Andreev bound states are key to understanding spin-dependent phenomena in hybrid superconductors.
  • Their spectroscopic signatures provide valuable information on superconducting properties.
  • Further research on these states can advance spintronic and superconducting device applications.