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Incidence and Risk Factors for Hypertension During Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy

Payal Malhotra1, Gauri Kapoor2, Sandeep Jain1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|June 27, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy is linked to a high incidence of hypertension in children. Younger age and constipation were identified as key risk factors for developing high blood pressure during ALL treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a potential complication in pediatric cancer treatment.
  • Understanding risk factors for hypertension during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of hypertension in pediatric patients during induction and re-induction phases of ALL therapy.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with the development of hypertension in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 208 pediatric patients (<18 years) with ALL treated per the BFM-95 protocol.
  • Data collected between January 2009 and December 2013.
  • Statistical analysis to determine hypertension incidence and associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of hypertension requiring medication was 29% during induction and 17% during re-induction.
  • The median age of affected patients was 4 years.
  • Multivariate analysis identified age under 10 years and constipation as independent predictors of hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • A significant incidence of hypertension occurs in children undergoing ALL induction therapy.
  • Early identification of risk factors like young age and constipation can aid in managing hypertension during ALL treatment.
Abstract

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