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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

60.1K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.0K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.4K
What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

101.2K
Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
101.2K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.7K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
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Low vision rehabilitation: An update.

Mark E Wilkinson1, Khadija S Shahid2

  • 1University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Director, Vision Rehabilitation Services, Wynn Institute of Vision Research, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.

Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology : Official Journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This article reviews vision rehabilitation services for visually impaired individuals, covering diagnostic tests, assistive technologies for driving, and patient motivation resources.

Keywords:
Charles bonnet syndromeLow vision rehabilitationUseful field of viewVisual impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

  • Visual impairment affects millions globally, necessitating comprehensive care strategies.
  • Effective vision rehabilitation is crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life.
  • Understanding specific challenges like Charles Bonnet syndrome is key to patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline key considerations for referring visually impaired individuals to vision rehabilitation services.
  • To discuss various functional vision assessments, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field testing.
  • To explore technological advancements aiding visual functioning and safe driving for the visually impaired.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical practices in vision rehabilitation.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools for assessing visual function.
  • Examination of emerging technologies and their application in daily living and driving.

Main Results:

  • Identification of critical criteria for referral to vision rehabilitation programs.
  • Detailed explanation of the utility of specific tests like Useful Field of View testing.
  • Evidence of technology's role in enhancing visual capabilities and enabling limited driving.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal care of the visually impaired.
  • Vision rehabilitation services, supported by technology, can significantly improve patient outcomes.
  • Resources promoting patient engagement are vital for successful rehabilitation.