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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

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Predicting Precipitation
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Ion Channels01:19

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
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High-Resolution Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Rapid Cannabis Potency Testing.

Marianne Hädener1, Michael Z Kamrath2, Wolfgang Weinmann1

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Analytical Chemistry
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Ion mobility spectrometry can accurately quantify THC in cannabis, distinguishing medical from illegal forms. This rapid, portable method offers an alternative to traditional analysis for law enforcement.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Cannabis analysis is crucial for legal and medical applications.
  • Distinguishing between medical and illegal cannabis requires accurate quantification of controlled substances like THC.
  • Current analytical methods, such as HPLC, can be time-consuming and lack portability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) for analyzing natural cannabis samples.
  • To determine if IMS can differentiate medical marijuana from illegal cannabis based on THC content according to Swiss legislation.
  • To compare the efficacy and efficiency of IMS with established HPLC methods.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cannabis extracts using electrospray ionization IMS-MS.
  • High-resolution drift-tube IMS (R > 150) for isolating and quantifying cannabinoids.
  • Comparison of IMS-MS quantification results with standard HPLC methods.

Main Results:

  • High-resolution IMS effectively isolated and quantified Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from other cannabinoids like CBD.
  • IMS-MS accurately determined THC content, allowing for the assessment of legal limits (1% by weight in Switzerland).
  • IMS-MS provided quantification results comparable to HPLC but with significantly reduced analysis time.

Conclusions:

  • IMS is a viable technique for the precise quantification of THC in cannabis.
  • IMS offers a faster and more portable alternative to HPLC for cannabis analysis.
  • The findings support the potential use of IMS in forensic laboratories for cannabis testing and legal compliance.