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Related Concept Videos

Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

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Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers01:28

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers

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Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children
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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children

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Cardiac autonomic function during hypothermia and its measurement repeatability.

Gary J Hodges1,1, Steven A H Ferguson1,1, Stephen S Cheung1,1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mild hypothermia increased heart rate and most heart rate variability (HRV) measures in healthy males. These HRV responses to cooling were repeatable, offering methodological insights for future studies on thermoregulation and cardiovascular strain.

Keywords:
Variabilité du rythme cardiaquecold stressheart rate variabilitymeasurement reliabilitymesure de la reproductibilitéparasympathetic nervous systemstress dû au froidsympathetic nervous systemsystème nerveux parasympathiquesystème nerveux sympathique

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Environmental Medicine

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key indicator of autonomic nervous system function.
  • Mild hypothermia can significantly impact physiological responses, including cardiovascular function.
  • Understanding HRV changes during hypothermia is crucial for assessing physiological stress and thermoregulatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia on heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy individuals.
  • To assess the repeatability of HRV measurements under a standardized mild hypothermia protocol.
  • To examine the influence of whole-body cooling on sympathetic and vagal modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve healthy males underwent neutral and two cold (0 °C) trials.
  • Mild hypothermia was induced by a 0.5 °C decrease in rectal temperature.
  • Heart rate and HRV were measured using a 3-lead electrocardiogram; intraclass correlation coefficient (r) analysis assessed reliability.

Main Results:

  • Mild hypothermia significantly increased heart rate and most HRV measures (e.g., RMSSD, NN index, LF, HF) (p < 0.05).
  • HRV responses to mild hypothermia demonstrated excellent reliability between repeated cold trials (r ≥ 0.81).
  • The low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio decreased with mild hypothermia, showing only fair reliability (r = 0.551).

Conclusions:

  • Mild hypothermia elevates heart rate and alters HRV, indicating increased cardiovascular strain and sympathetic nervous system activity.
  • The observed HRV changes, despite being counterintuitive, likely reflect the body's stress response and shivering thermogenesis.
  • The study highlights the consistent and repeatable nature of HRV responses to hypothermia, providing valuable methodological considerations for future research.