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Natural deep eutectic systems as alternative nontoxic cryoprotective agents.

Vânia I B Castro1, Rita Craveiro2, Joana M Silva1

  • 13B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetic, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-243, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.

Cryobiology
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Natural deep eutectic systems (NADES) offer a green alternative for cryopreservation. These trehalose and glycerol-based systems protect cells from freezing damage, matching or exceeding dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) performance.

Keywords:
CryoprotectantsFreeze-thawingNatural deep eutectic solventsSugars

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cryobiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Natural deep eutectic systems (NADES) are formed from natural metabolites like sugars and amino acids.
  • These systems are found in organisms surviving extreme cold, suggesting cryoprotective properties.
  • Conventional cryoprotective agents (CPAs) like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be toxic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate NADES composed of trehalose (Treh) and glycerol (Gly) as novel cryoprotective agents (CPAs).
  • To evaluate the impact of these NADES on water crystallization and cell survival during cryopreservation.
  • To compare the efficacy of NADES-based CPAs with the established CPA, DMSO.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation and characterization of trehalose-glycerol NADES.
  • Thermal analysis to assess the effect of NADES on water freezing and melting behavior.
  • Cellular cryopreservation experiments to evaluate CPA efficacy and compare with DMSO.

Main Results:

  • NADES significantly altered water crystallization and melting processes, reducing ice crystal formation and damage.
  • Cryopreservation using NADES achieved comparable or superior cellular viability to DMSO.
  • A correlation was established between the physical properties of NADES and their cryoprotective performance.

Conclusions:

  • Trehalose-glycerol NADES demonstrate significant potential as effective cryoprotective agents.
  • NADES offer a non-toxic, green alternative to traditional CPAs in cryopreservation.
  • This study highlights the link between NADES physical properties and their biological application in preserving cells at low temperatures.