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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
What are Lipids?01:38

What are Lipids?

220.8K
Overview
220.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K

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Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
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Lipid based nanocarriers: a translational perspective.

Dinesh K Mishra1, Ruchita Shandilya2, Pradyumna K Mishra2

  • 1NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur (Maharashtra), India.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery, introducing novel lipid-based nanocarriers for targeted therapies. This review explores their formulation, applications, and challenges in clinical translation.

Keywords:
Controlled releaseDrug deliveryLipid carrierNanocarrierNanotechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Recent decades show significant pharmaceutical advancements in drug delivery.
  • Nanotechnology integration has transformed drug delivery for targeting, diagnostics, and patient monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in lipidic nanocarriers for drug delivery.
  • To discuss formulation strategies, challenges, and clinical applications of these nanocarriers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of lipid-based nanocarriers.
  • Analysis of formulation, stability, and clinical trial data.
  • Exploration of translational challenges and solutions.

Main Results:

  • Nanotechnology enables novel lipid-based nanocarriers and non-liposomal systems.
  • Lipidic nanocarriers offer promising pharmaceutical formulation options.
  • Commercial products and clinical trials highlight their potential.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid-based nanocarriers are a promising avenue for pharmaceutical product development.
  • Overcoming translational challenges is crucial for advancing nanocarriers from research to clinical use.
  • Further research is needed to ensure the successful progression of these nanocarriers.