Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
Published on: October 21, 2022
Isolation, identification and in silico toxicity predictions of two isomers from cefotiam hydrochloride
Ye Tian1, Ya-Nan Wang2, Ying Han1
1National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Two structural isomers of cefotiam in cefotiam hydrochloride for injection were observed, and the structures of the isomers were determined by mass spectrometry and various 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The thermo-isomerization mechanism of cefotiam was also discussed. Thermo-isomerization occurred not only in cefotiam but also in cephalosporins containing a 1-alkyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol side chain at C-3. Furthermore, the toxic effects of the two impurities of cefotiam hydrochloride were predicted and it is thought that they could be more toxic than cefotiam. The results reported in this article may be important for quality control and stability studies of this class of drugs.
Related Concept Videos
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the...
Predicting Molecular Geometry
Prediction Intervals
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
End Point Prediction: Gran Plot
For potentiometric titration, the Gran plot is created by plotting...
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value
Sensitivity is the...
Toxic Reactions: Overview
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...

