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Identifying small pelvic inclusions through SEM technology.

Emilio González-Reimers1, Emilio González-Arnay2, María Castañeyra-Ruiz2

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International Journal of Paleopathology
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Archaeologists often find tiny calcified structures in human remains, posing diagnostic challenges. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is crucial for accurately identifying these structures, such as sesamoid bones, distinguishing them from stones or other pathologies.

Keywords:
Archaeological excavationGallstonesKidney stonesPaleopathologySEM analysisSesamoid bone

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Area of Science:

  • Paleopathology
  • Bioarchaeology
  • Forensic Anthropology

Background:

  • Excavations of human skeletal remains can yield small calcified structures.
  • Taphonomic processes can alter the original position of these structures, complicating identification.
  • Differential diagnosis is challenging for archaeologists and anthropologists.

Observation:

  • Enteroliths, gallstones, kidney stones, phleboliths, calcified ganglia, and sesamoid bones are common findings.
  • These structures can offer insights into diet, chronic hemolytic conditions, infections, and intestinal diseases.
  • A specific case involved a small calcified structure found near the right coxal bone of an 18th-century individual.

Findings:

  • The study details technical procedures for identifying a sesamoid bone.
  • Comparative analysis included kidney stones and gallstones from modern individuals.
  • Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis proved to be the optimal method for precise differential diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Accurate identification of calcified structures enhances paleopathological and bioarchaeological interpretations.
  • SEM analysis provides a reliable method for distinguishing sesamoid bones from other calcifications.
  • Understanding these findings contributes to knowledge of ancient health, diet, and disease.