Clinical and molecular aspects of breast cancer: Targets and therapies

Area of Science:

• Oncology and Molecular Biology
• Genetics and Genomics in Medicine

Background:

• Breast cancer involves complex molecular alterations, with current molecular markers aiding diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction.
• Biomarkers are crucial for therapeutic strategies, yet treatment efficacy remains a challenge, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer.
• Genetic profiles of breast cancer vary across ethnic groups and geographic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and potential molecular markers for breast cancer.
• To explore strategies for improving breast cancer therapy through molecular insights.
• To highlight the need for broader population representation in genetic assays and clinical trials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current and emerging molecular markers in breast cancer.
• Analysis of the role of genetic signatures in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive applications.
• Examination of therapeutic challenges and opportunities related to molecular subtypes.

Main Results:

• Existing molecular markers assist in clinical decision-making for breast cancer patients.
• Significant challenges persist in achieving broad therapeutic efficacy, especially in triple-negative breast cancer.
• The influence of ethnicity and geography on breast cancer genetics necessitates diverse patient cohorts.

Conclusions:

• Molecular markers are vital for advancing breast cancer management and personalized therapy.
• Addressing treatment gaps, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer, requires further investigation into novel biomarkers.
• Ensuring inclusivity in clinical trials and genetic research is essential for equitable progress in breast cancer care.