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Anti-E Detected in a 7-Month-Old Infant with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Transfusion
Insights
Infants can develop anti-red blood cell alloantibodies after transfusions. This case report details a rare instance of infantile anti-E alloantibody production following red blood cell transfusion.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and hemolytic disease of the newborn are well-documented.
- However, infantile alloantibody production against red blood cells is rarely reported.
Observation:
- A 7-month-old infant with acute lymphoid leukemia received E-positive red blood cells.
- The infant developed anti-E alloantibody, identified as IgM, 13 days post-transfusion.
Findings:
- Antibody screening confirmed the presence of anti-E alloantibody.
- The IgM antibody levels decreased to undetectable within 49 days of the initial transfusion.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of vigilant post-transfusion alloantibody monitoring in infants.
- Timely antibody screening and identification are crucial for managing potential transfusion reactions in pediatric patients.
Background:
Only a few cases of infantile anti-red blood cell alloantibody production have been reported.
Methods:
A 7-month-old girl with acute lymphoid leukemia developed anti-E alloantibody 13 days after transfusion of E-positive red blood cells. Antibody screening was performed before and at 2, 6, 13, 18, 27, 34, and 49 days after red blood cell transfusion. Identification test, direct immunoglobulin test, acid elution, and dithiothreitol test were also performed.
Results:
Anti-E alloantibody was detected in the blood 13 days after the first transfusion. The detected antibody was IgM and it decreased below detectable levels within 49 days after the first transfusion.
Conclusions:
Follow-up testing for the presence of post-transfusion alloantibody at appropriate times is important, even in infants.
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