Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

1.7K
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
1.7K
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

10.3K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.3K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

9.3K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.3K
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

64.5K
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
64.5K
Close Relationships and Culture01:29

Close Relationships and Culture

245
Culture shapes how people approach attraction, choose partners, and build long-term relationships. While some preferences in mate selection appear consistent across cultures, such as men valuing physical attractiveness and women emphasizing financial resources, cultural contexts influence how these preferences are expressed and prioritized. Marriage extends beyond romantic ideals in many societies and is deeply embedded in social, economic, and religious frameworks.The Role of Culture in Mate...
245
Friendships and Close Friendships01:20

Friendships and Close Friendships

240
Friendship formation is a dynamic process shaped by psychological, cultural, and social factors. Friendships play a crucial role in emotional well-being, social development, and personal identity from childhood to adulthood.Childhood and Early FriendshipsFriendships in childhood often arise due to shared environments, such as school or neighborhood interactions. At this stage, proximity and common interests serve as the primary basis for connection. As children grow, their friendships evolve...
240

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MIF modulates impaired astrocyte distribution in schizophrenia cortical spheroids.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Sensor movement drives emergent attention and scalability in active neural cellular automata.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026
Same author

A bio-inspired minimal model for non-stationary K-armed bandits.

Biological cybernetics·2026
Same author

A Lightweight FPGA-Based Platform for Low-Power Neural Recording in Freely Moving Animals.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same author

Protocol for the enhanced analysis of electrophysiological data from high-density multi-electrode arrays with nicespike and spikeNburst.

STAR protocols·2025
Same author

Isometric representations in neural networks improve robustness.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research
10:28

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research

Published on: April 21, 2023

1.8K

Open source modules for tracking animal behavior and closed-loop stimulation based on Open Ephys and Bonsai.

Alessio Paolo Buccino1, Mikkel Elle Lepperød, Svenn-Arne Dragly

  • 1Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We developed an open-source, low-cost system for real-time neural activity monitoring, behavioral tracking, and closed-loop stimulation. This adaptable system promotes data sharing and reproducibility in neuroscience research.

More Related Videos

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.2K
Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research
10:28

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research

Published on: April 21, 2023

1.8K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.2K
Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience Research
  • Experimental Systems

Background:

  • Determining causal links between neural activity and behavior is a key goal in systems neuroscience.
  • Existing commercial systems for neural monitoring, behavioral tracking, and closed-loop manipulation are often expensive and use proprietary formats, hindering reproducibility and data sharing.
  • Open-source tools and standardized data formats are advantageous for scientific advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an open-source, low-cost, adaptable, and easy-to-set-up system for combined behavioral tracking, electrophysiology, and closed-loop stimulation.
  • To enable researchers to investigate the causal relationship between neural activity and behavior.
  • To promote reproducibility and data-sharing in neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • The system is based on the Open Ephys platform, incorporating new modules for real-time tracking and behavior-based closed-loop stimulation.
  • Open-source Bonsai software analyzes camera images for real-time position tracking.
  • Acquired electrophysiology data, including place and grid cell activity, was analyzed using an open-source Python package.

Main Results:

  • The system reliably visualizes and records tracking information across various sampling frequencies (30-1000 Hz).
  • Successfully combined electrophysiology with tracking modules to record hippocampal place cells and medial entorhinal cortex grid cells.
  • Demonstrated closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal grid cells using the developed system.

Conclusions:

  • This expanded Open Ephys system offers a high-quality, low-cost experimental setup for neuroscience.
  • The use of standardized data formats facilitates data sharing and collaboration.
  • The system enhances the accessibility of advanced research tools for the neuroscience community.