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Ixodes scapularis does not harbor a stable midgut microbiome.

Benjamin D Ross1, Beth Hayes2, Matthew C Radey3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. bdross@uw.edu.

The ISME Journal
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most hard ticks (Ixodidae) have limited internal bacteria, impacting Borrelia burgdorferi colonization. This suggests engineering tick microbiota could reduce Lyme disease transmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vector-borne diseases
  • Tick biology

Background:

  • Hard ticks (Ixodidae) transmit pathogens like Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease.
  • Tick microbiota can influence pathogen colonization and disease transmission.
  • Engineering tick microbiota offers a strategy to control disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if Borrelia burgdorferi encounters abundant bacteria in the midgut of wild Ixodes scapularis.
  • To investigate the prevalence of diverse microbial communities in various hard tick species.
  • To explore the genetic basis for Borrelia burgdorferi's interactions with other bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing of midgut contents from field-collected ticks.
  • Confocal microscopy to visualize bacteria within tick midguts.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi genome.

Main Results:

  • The majority of Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor limited endosymbiont-dominated microbial communities.
  • Ticks with abundant midgut bacteria were found to lack Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • Similar patterns of limited microbiota were observed in Ixodes pacificus, Amblyomma maculatum, and Dermacentor spp.
  • Borrelia burgdorferi lacks genes for known interbacterial interaction pathways, unique among Spirochaetes.

Conclusions:

  • Limited microbial populations within ticks may have driven the loss of interbacterial competition genes in Borrelia.
  • The absence of a stable resident midgut microbiota in many hard ticks impacts pathogen dynamics.
  • Understanding tick-microbe interactions is crucial for developing novel strategies against tick-borne diseases.