Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism02:46

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

17.8K
Here, in contrast to the E2 reaction mechanism, we delve into the aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, which has two steps: rate-limiting loss of the leaving group and abstraction of the beta hydrogen by a weak base. Typically, the experimental proof for the E1 mechanism is via kinetic studies or isotope studies. While the former demonstrates the first-order kinetics—the dependence of the reaction solely on substrate concentration—the latter proves the abstraction of hydrogen only...
17.8K
E1 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry02:43

E1 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry

11.8K
One of the critical aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, as also observed in E2, is the regiochemistry, with multiple regioisomers obtained as products. In the example discussed, the presence of water as a weak base favors elimination over substitution to generate two alkenes. Given that alkenes’ stability increases with the number of alkyl groups across the double bond, typically, E1 reactions lead to the Zaitsev product, for this is more substituted and stable than the Hofmann product.
11.8K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

18.9K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
18.9K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

4.0K
4.0K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

16.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
16.9K
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

8.0K
The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation differentially shape immune dysregulation, tissue destruction, and microbiota in experimental periodontitis and peri-implantitis in diabetic mice.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Resolution Failure in Periodontal Diseases: Dysregulated Pro-resolving Mechanisms in Chronic Inflammation and Tissue Breakdown.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same author

Periodontitis as a Model for Inflammatory Uncoupling of Bone Remodeling.

Journal of periodontal research·2026
Same author

Global Roll-Out and Continued Multi-Site Validation of the Artificial Intelligence Histology Instrument for Qualitative Assessment of Histopathology in Ulcerative Colitis.

United European gastroenterology journal·2026
Same author

Diabetes exacerbates experimental peri-implantitis in mice with elevated IL-17A-associated inflammation and IL-17F upregulation.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Pangenomes of the human oral microbiome.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay
07:18

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay

Published on: July 8, 2015

11.5K

Resolvin E1 Promotes Bone Preservation Under Inflammatory Conditions.

Karim El Kholy1,2,3,4, Marcelo Freire5, Tsute Chen1

  • 1The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Resolvin E1 (RvE1) reduces inflammatory bone loss by directly impacting bone cells. This omega-3 derived mediator downregulates osteoclast activity and promotes bone formation by modulating the RANKL/OPG ratio.

Keywords:
bonebone metabolisminflammatory diseasesresolutionresolvin E1tissue regeneration

More Related Videos

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
12:43

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

Published on: July 21, 2012

11.4K
Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
10:58

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean

Published on: December 23, 2017

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay
07:18

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay

Published on: July 8, 2015

11.5K
On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
12:43

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

Published on: July 21, 2012

11.4K
Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
10:58

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean

Published on: December 23, 2017

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Resolvins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, with Resolvin E1 (RvE1) originating from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
  • RvE1 is known to modulate osteoclasts and immune cells in periodontal disease, but its direct role in bone remodeling remains unclear.
  • Understanding RvE1's impact on bone remodeling under inflammatory conditions is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct impact of RvE1 on bone remodeling during inflammation.
  • To determine if RvE1 downregulates bone resorption through direct actions on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in inflammatory osteoclastogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • A tumor necrosis factor-α induced calvarial osteolysis model was used in mice, with or without systemic RvE1 administration.
  • Osteoclastogenesis and NFκB signaling were evaluated using Micro CT (μCT) analysis, TRAP staining, and immunofluorescence.
  • Primary calvarial osteoblasts were stimulated with IL-6 and RvE1 to assess RANKL and OPG expression via ELISA and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).

Main Results:

  • Systemic RvE1 administration significantly reduced calvarial bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in mice.
  • RvE1 decreased RANKL secretion by osteoblasts by 25%, reversing the pro-resorptive RANKL/OPG ratio induced by IL-6.
  • RNA-Seq analysis revealed RvE1 downregulates osteoclast differentiation via NFκB and PI3K-AKT pathways, modulating at least 14 genes.

Conclusions:

  • RvE1 effectively reduces inflammatory bone resorption by directly acting on bone cells.
  • RvE1 promotes a favorable RANKL/OPG ratio, shifting the balance towards bone formation.
  • Mediators of resolution, like RvE1, directly regulate bone cell gene expression, offering potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bone diseases.