Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Piecewise-Deﬁned Functions

Piecewise-Deﬁned Functions

Piecewise defined functions are mathematical models where different expressions define a function over distinct intervals of the domain. These functions are useful for representing systems with varying behaviors depending on input values.For example, the function: uses a linear rule for inputs less than or equal to –1 and a quadratic rule for values greater than –1. Although it has two formulas, it still defines a single function.Another common type is the absolute value...

Rules for Defining Functions

Rules for Defining Functions

A relation is a function if each input x is associated with exactly one output y. For example, the equation y = 2x + 5 defines a function because every value of x yields a unique y. However, x = y² + 1 is not a function of x, since a single x-value, such as x = 2, corresponds to two possible y-values: y = 1 and y = -1.The vertical line test helps determine whether a graph represents a function. If a vertical line intersects a curve more than once, the curve fails...

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick. Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...

Regulated Protein Degradation

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...

What are Populations and Communities?

What are Populations and Communities?

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of Two-domain Glycoside Hydrolase PgaB from <i>Serratia marcescens</i> and Its Application for <i>S. aureus</i> Biofilm Degradation.

ACS infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Cryo-EM structure of GH43 β-Xylosidase from Enterobacter cloacae provides insights into substrate specificity and the role of an auxiliary domain in enzymatic activity.

The FEBS journal·2026

Same author

International committee on systematics of prokaryotes subcommittee on the taxonomy of rhizobia and agrobacteria: Minutes of the 2025 closed annual meeting.

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology·2026

Same author

Updated taxonomy of the family <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> with proposals for 8 novel genera and 32 novel combinations.

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology·2026

Same author

Ontogeny independent expression of LPCAT2 in granuloma macrophages during experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Enzymatic Production of Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides Using a <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> GH30_8 Glucuronoxylanase: Structural Basis of Glucuronoxylan Recognition and Hydrolysis.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

Defining functional diversity for lignocellulose degradation in a microbial community using multi-omics studies.

Anna M Alessi¹, Susannah M Bird¹, Nicola C Oates¹

¹1Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK.

Biotechnology for Biofuels

|June 28, 2018

Summary

This study explored microbial communities for efficient lignocellulose degradation, identifying numerous enzymes for potential industrial applications in biomass pretreatment. Further research into unknown proteins may unlock new community-level degradation mechanisms.

Keywords:

CAZy Lignocellulose Metasecretome

More Related Videos

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

Published on: December 25, 2015

Biology of Microbial Communities - Interview

Biology of Microbial Communities - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

Published on: December 25, 2015

Biology of Microbial Communities - Interview

Biology of Microbial Communities - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biotechnology
Biochemistry

Background:

Lignocellulose is a major global carbon source, but its degradation by single-species enzymes requires pre-treatment.
Natural microbial communities offer a more holistic approach to lignocellulose breakdown through community-level metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate microbial degradation of wheat straw using compost-inhabited liquid cultures.
Identify novel microbial mechanisms for lignocellulose breakdown applicable to industrial biomass pretreatment.

Main Methods:

Multi-omics analysis (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, proteomics) of wheat straw cultures.
Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and eukaryotic communities.
Analysis of secreted proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes).

Main Results:

Community diversity decreased over time, with dominance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.
Eukaryotic members enriched in ciliates (Telotrochidium), with low fungal abundance.
Identified 1127 proteins, including diverse cellulases and hemicellulases, correlating with biomass changes.

Conclusions:

Combined proteomics and metatranscriptomics identified numerous lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for potential industrial use.
Discovered unknown proteins that may be crucial for community-based lignocellulose degradation.