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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
Published on: January 29, 2020
Bilateral recurrent macular holes
Stephen P Yoon1, Breanna A Polascik2, Dilraj S Grewal3
1Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
Purpose:
To report an unusual case of bilateral recurrent full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) in both eyes of a single patient over a 15-year period, with a total of 3 FTMH in the right eye and 2 in the left eye. Each FTMH was successfully treated with vitreous surgery, resulting in hole closure and visual acuity improvement.
Observations:
During the previous 15 years, a 59-year-old female developed a total of 3 FTMH in the right eye and 2 FTMH in the left eye. The initial FTMH in each eye was surgically closed with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling, 14% C3F8 gas placement, and face down positioning. Subsequent recurrences of FTMH, 2 in the right and 1 in the left, were surgically closed with PPV and ERM peeling and/or indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling, 14% C3F8 gas placement, and face down positioning. Seven years following the last FTMH surgical closure, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye with no FTMH in either eye.
Conclusions And Importance:
This case illustrates that a rare individual may have more than one recurrent FTMH in both eyes. Final visual outcome can be favorable following closure of more than one recurrent FTMH.
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