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Stabilizing Lithium Plating by a Biphasic Surface Layer Formed In Situ.
Quan Pang1, Xiao Liang1, Ivan R Kochetkov1
1Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 28, 2018
Summary
A novel biphasic surface layer stabilizes lithium metal plating, preventing dendrite growth in high energy density batteries. This breakthrough enhances battery safety and longevity by creating a protective, ion-conductive interface.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Battery Technology
Background:
- Dendritic growth of lithium metal is a major obstacle for high energy density batteries, causing electrode degradation and safety issues.
- A stable, protective surface layer on lithium metal is crucial for enabling efficient ion conduction and electron insulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a stabilized lithium metal anode by forming a protective biphasic surface layer.
- To investigate the mechanism of lithium plating stabilization using this novel surface layer.
Main Methods:
- In situ formation of a biphasic layer (lithium-indium alloy and lithium halide) on lithium metal via electrolyte additive reaction.
- Characterization of the layer's composition and structure.
- Testing of Li|Li symmetric cells for dendrite-free plating over 400 hours.
- Evaluation of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)|Li cells for cycling performance and energy efficiency.
Main Results:
- A biphasic surface layer composed of a lithium-indium alloy and lithium halide was successfully formed in situ.
- This layer facilitated fast lithium migration and stabilized the lithium-electrolyte interface, enabling dendrite-free plating for over 400 hours.
- Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)|Li cells demonstrated high energy efficiency and stable cycling over 1000 cycles.
Conclusions:
- The biphasic surface layer effectively suppresses lithium dendrite formation, significantly enhancing battery safety and performance.
- This approach offers a promising strategy for developing next-generation high energy density lithium metal batteries.
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