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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Directed Cellular Self-Assembly to Fabricate Cell-Derived Tissue Rings for Biomechanical Analysis and Tissue Engineering
Published on: November 25, 2011
Azaacenes Bearing Five-Membered Rings
Michael Ganschow1, Silke Koser1, Manuel Hodecker2
1Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract:
We report the synthesis of processible (dihydro)pyracyclene- and acenaphthylene-substituted azaacenes using condensation reactions in solution. The targets are characterized via cyclic voltammetry, X-ray crystallography, UV/Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT/NICS calculations. Formal hydrogenation of the annulated five-membered ring surprisingly alters emission in the solid-state as a consequence of modulation of aromaticity and HOMO-LUMO overlap. Five highly fluorescent, crystalline azaacenes were investigated as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes, and their performance with respect to luminance and efficiency was compared to that of structurally related azaacenes.
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