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Extracellular vesicles and ctDNA in lung cancer: biomarker sources and therapeutic applications

Chengliang Huang1,2, Sitong Liu1, Xiang Tong1

  • 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
|June 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Liquid biopsies using extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offer a non-invasive method for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. These biomarkers are crucial for understanding variable responses to targeted therapies and immunotherapies like anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • Targeted therapies and immunotherapies (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) show promise but have variable patient responses.
  • Genetic factors like microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency influence treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in understanding extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cancer.
  • To explore the role of EVs and ctDNA in cancer biology, diagnosis, and drug delivery.
  • To specifically discuss the application of EVs and ctDNA in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current research on extracellular vesicles and ctDNA.
  • Analysis of the biological roles of EVs and ctDNA in tumor progression.
  • Discussion of non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring applications of liquid biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Liquid biopsy, utilizing EVs and ctDNA, provides a non-invasive approach for biomarker determination and treatment monitoring in lung cancer.
  • EVs are implicated in tumor formation and progression and can function as drug/siRNA carriers.
  • EVs and ctDNA are critical for assessing patient response to targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles and ctDNA are pivotal in advancing lung cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Their application in monitoring anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy response is a significant area of ongoing research.
  • Further research into EVs and ctDNA will enhance personalized treatment strategies for lung cancer patients.
Keywords:
Clinical applicationExosomeImmunotherapyLung cancerctDNA

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