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Guillain-Barré syndrome in children: subtypes and outcome
Zeynep Selen Karalok1, Birce Dilge Taskin2, Zeliha Brohi Yanginlar2
1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Children's Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital, 06110, Dıskapı/Ankara, Turkey. selen_z@yahoo.com.
Insights
Childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) presents variably, with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy being the most common subtype. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric GBS patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Clinical Immunology
Background:
- Childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.
- Understanding its clinical spectrum and subtypes is essential for timely diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical features, subtypes, and outcomes of pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- To identify factors associated with different GBS subtypes in children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 54 children diagnosed with GBS at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey.
- Analysis of clinical presentation, subtype classification (AIDP vs. axonal), and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- The most frequent subtype was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) in 50% of cases.
- Antecedent upper respiratory tract infections were more common in AIDP (P=0.028).
- Sensorial symptoms were more prevalent in axonal GBS (P=0.001). All subtypes showed favorable outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric GBS diagnosis can be challenging due to variable presentations.
- Early hospital admission and prompt treatment are vital for improving outcomes and reducing respiratory support needs.
Objective:
This study reviews the clinical features, subtypes, and outcomes of childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).
Methods:
Fifty-four children who attended a tertiary care training and research hospital in Turkey were enrolled in the study.
Results:
The mean age was 6.5 ± 4.2 years and 32 patients (59.5%) were male. The most common subtype of GBS was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which was seen in 27 patients (50%). Having antecedent history, especially upper respiratory tract infection was significantly more common in AIDP (P = 0.028). Sensorial symptoms were significantly more frequent in axonal type GBS (P = 0.001). When we compare the demyelinating and axonal forms, all of the groups had favorable outcome.
Conclusion:
The diagnosis of pediatric GBS can be delayed because of its variable presentation. Early admission to hospital and early treatment are important for decreasing the need for respiratory support and improving the outcome.
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