Monogenic, Polygenic, and MicroRNA Markers for Ischemic Stroke

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Genetics
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and disability with a narrow treatment window.
• Genetic factors significantly contribute to IS pathogenesis, influencing both monogenic and polygenic forms.
• Early diagnostic biomarkers for IS are crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review genetic markers identified for ischemic stroke (IS).
• To discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic biomarkers in IS.
• To explore the impact of environmental factors and future clinical applications of IS biomarkers.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical studies identifying genetic markers for IS.
• Analysis of genome-wide associated studies (GWAS) and microRNA profiling.
• Examination of molecular pathways including vascular anomalies, neurodegeneration, and inflammation.

Main Results:

• Numerous DNA and microRNA biomarkers have been identified for polygenic IS, particularly for specific subtypes and imaging phenotypes.
• Genetic markers are implicated in vascular wall development/regeneration, neuronal apoptosis, excitotoxicity, inflammation, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis.
• Environmental influences on genetic predisposition to IS are also considered.

Conclusions:

• Genetic biomarkers hold significant potential for earlier ischemic stroke diagnosis.
• Understanding the molecular mechanisms of genetic markers can guide therapeutic strategies.
• Further research is needed to translate these biomarkers into clinical practice for improved IS patient outcomes.