Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization

Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.
Molecules Are Composed of Atoms, and Biomolecules Are Assembled from Molecules:
The most basic levels include atoms, molecules, and biomolecules. Atoms, the smallest unit of ordinary matter, are composed of a nucleus and electrons. Molecules...

Accessory Organs

Accessory Organs

Accessory organs are those that participate in the digestion of food but do not come into direct contact with it like the mouth, stomach, or intestine do. Accessory organs secrete enzymes into the digestive tract to facilitate the breakdown of food.

Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neural mechanisms of awareness of action.

PNAS nexus·2026

Same author

Comparing the Effects of Absorbable versus Nonabsorbable Nasal Packing on Postoperative Outcomes Following Endoscopic Ventral Skull Base Surgery.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base·2026

Same author

Mupirocin Nasal Irrigation Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

American journal of rhinology & allergy·2026

Same author

Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Diaphragma Sellae Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026

Same author

A Feasibility Study of Real-Time FMRI with Neurofeedback of Motor Performance in Cerebellar Ataxia.

Brain sciences·2026

Same author

CSF α-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assays and Skin Immunofluorescence: Clinical Applications, Research Opportunities, and Knowledge Gaps.

Neurology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

Published on: May 21, 2010

Visuospatial Organization and Recall in Cerebellar Ataxia.

Mitchell Slapik¹, Sharif I Kronemer², Owen Morgan¹

¹Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1620 McElderry St., Reed Hall W102A, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.

Cerebellum (London, England)

|June 28, 2018

Summary

Cerebellar ataxia patients show impaired organization skills on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure task (ROCF). Despite initial difficulties, their recall is normal, suggesting compensatory strategies linked to processing speed, not visuospatial deficits.

Keywords:

Ataxia Cerebellum Cognition Memory Organization Visuospatial

More Related Videos

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Role of ATM in Ataxia-Telangiectasia and the Associated Cerebellar Degeneration

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Role of ATM in Ataxia-Telangiectasia and the Associated Cerebellar Degeneration

Published on: December 27, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

Published on: May 21, 2010

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Role of ATM in Ataxia-Telangiectasia and the Associated Cerebellar Degeneration

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Role of ATM in Ataxia-Telangiectasia and the Associated Cerebellar Degeneration

Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neurology

Background:

Poor visuospatial skills significantly impact daily living.
The cerebellum plays a crucial role in visuospatial processing.
Cerebellar injury is often associated with visuospatial deficits, notably in Rey-Osterrieth complex figure task (ROCF) recall.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare visuospatial and organizational skills in individuals with cerebellar ataxia versus healthy controls.
To investigate the relationship between figure organization, copying, and recall performance in cerebellar ataxia.
To determine the underlying factors contributing to visuospatial deficits in cerebellar ataxia.

Main Methods:

Administration of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure task (ROCF) to patients with cerebellar ataxia and healthy controls.
Assessment of figure organization, copying, and recall performance on the ROCF.
Utilized supplemental cognitive tests measuring visuospatial perception, working memory, processing speed, and motor function.

Main Results:

Cerebellar ataxia patients exhibited significantly impaired figure organization compared to controls.
While figure copying was impaired, ROCF recall performance was normal in patients, indicating compensatory strategies.
In controls, organization predicted recall; in patients, processing speed predicted recall accuracy.
Visual perception remained intact; deficits were linked to organizational strategies, not visuospatial skills.

Conclusions:

Cerebellar ataxia affects organizational strategies in visuospatial tasks like the ROCF.
Patients compensate for initial organizational and copying deficits, achieving normal recall.
Processing speed, rather than visuospatial perception, is a key predictor of recall accuracy in cerebellar ataxia.