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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

41.1K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Buffers02:56

Buffers

173.2K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
173.2K
Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

2.5K
Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
2.5K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

55.5K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
55.5K
Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

3.9K
The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...
3.9K
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

58.8K
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
58.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
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Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

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Novel Nonconjugated Polymer as Cathode Buffer Layer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

Yunhao Cai1, Li Chang2, Longzhen You1

  • 1School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new polymer, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PAMPS-Na), enhances organic solar cell performance. This cathode buffer layer improves efficiency and stability, showing potential for large-scale fabrication.

Keywords:
cathode buffer layerefficiencynonconjugated polymerorganic solar cellsstability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Organic solar cells (OSCs) require efficient cathode buffer layers to optimize performance.
  • Current buffer layers can be challenging to process and may damage active layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel nonconjugated polymer, PAMPS-Na, for use as a cathode buffer layer in OSCs.
  • To evaluate the impact of PAMPS-Na on the photovoltaic performance and stability of OSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PAMPS-Na).
  • Fabrication of OSCs using PAMPS-Na as a cathode buffer layer with various donor materials.
  • Performance characterization of OSCs using current density-voltage (J-V) measurements and stability testing.

Main Results:

  • PAMPS-Na exhibits good solubility in polar solvents, enabling solution processing.
  • PAMPS-Na effectively decreases the aluminum work function, enhancing charge extraction.
  • OSCs with PAMPS-Na/Al cathodes showed improved short-circuit current and higher power conversion efficiency compared to Ca/Al.
  • Devices demonstrated enhanced ambient stability and tolerance to variations in PAMPS-Na thickness.

Conclusions:

  • PAMPS-Na is a promising, solution-processable cathode buffer material for high-performance and stable OSCs.
  • The material's versatility across different donor types suggests broad applicability in organic photovoltaics.
  • PAMPS-Na facilitates large-scale OSC fabrication due to its processing flexibility.