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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Cell Labeling and Targeting with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Published on: October 19, 2015
Dose-, treatment- and time-dependent toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on primary rat
Kurtulus Gokduman1, Furkan Bestepe1,2, Lei Li1,3
1Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Aim:
As a first study in literature, to investigate concentration-dependent (0-400 μg/ml) and exposure-dependent (single dosing vs cumulative dosing) effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (d = 10 nm) on primary rat hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner.
Materials & Methods:
Sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model was used to evaluate viability, hepatocyte specific functions and reactive oxygen species level.
Results:
In terms of all parameters, generally statistically more significant effects were observed in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In terms of hepatocyte-specific functions, cumulative dosing caused significantly (p < 0.05) more deleterious effects at 48th hour.
Conclusion:
A combination of various biomarkers should be employed for the evaluation of the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on liver, and each biomarker should be analyzed in a time- and exposure-dependent manner.
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