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Consider a neutral form of an amine, B, with a partition coefficient, K, in a liquid mixture containing organic and aqueous phases. The pH of the aqueous phase affects the charge on acidic and basic solutes, and the charged form is usually more soluble in the aqueous phase. Suppose the conjugate acid form of the amine is soluble only in the aqueous phase while the base form is soluble in both phases. Then the distribution coefficient, D, can be given as the ratio of amine concentration in the...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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[Two new polypeptides from extract of deer bone extract].

Yi Ren1, Yun-Feng Zhang1, Wen-Jing Liu1

  • 1Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers isolated and purified two novel polypeptides from deer bone extract. These new deer bone peptides, Mei18 and Mei23, were characterized by their unique N-terminal amino acid sequences.

Keywords:
Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injectionMALDI-TOF-MSchemical constituentdeer bonepolypeptide

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Peptide Chemistry

Background:

  • Deer bone extract is a component of traditional medicinal injections.
  • Polypeptides possess diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel polypeptides from deer bone extract.
  • To determine the N-terminal amino acid sequences of these new polypeptides.

Main Methods:

  • Column chromatography (C₄ 300Å, Sephadex G-50)
  • Semi-preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
  • De Novo sequencing using MALDI-TOF-MS data and Explorer™ software

Main Results:

  • Two new polypeptides, designated Mei18 and Mei23, were successfully isolated and purified.
  • The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Mei18 peptide was identified as NH₂-Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Pro-Thr-Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Ala-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly-Pro-Asp.
  • The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Mei23 peptide was identified as NH₂-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Pro-Asp-Ser-Try-Asp.

Conclusions:

  • Mei18 and Mei23 represent novel polypeptides.
  • The characterization provides foundational data for further investigation into their properties and potential applications.