Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: December 30, 2025

Gene Expression of Glyoxalase II in Diabetic Retinopathy

Amber Zaidi¹, Palvasha Waheed¹, Amir Rashid¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

|June 29, 2018

Abstract

Objective:

To study the gene expression of Glyoxalase II among patients of diabetic retinopathy.

Study Design:

A cross-sectional comparative study.

Place And Duration Of Study:

CREAM (Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine) and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, from November 2015 to November 2016.

Methodology:

Individuals were enrolled, among whom 30 were cases with diabetic retinopathy and 30 were controls without the disease. Their relevant data were collected and blood samples were drawn. Individual RNA was extracted from respective samples and cDNA was synthesised from each. Expression analysis for Glyoxalase II was done and relative quantification was done using delta delta CT method.

Results:

A total of 60 individuals of ages 40-70 years were enrolled in the study, 30 cases and 30 controls. Among these, 34 (56.67%) were males and 26 (43.3%) were females. Mean ages were 60 ±8 years in cases and 59 ±13 years in controls. Down regulation of Glyoxalase II was observed in cases as compared to controls.

Conclusion:

Downregulation of Glyoxalase II, seen among patients of diabetic retinopathy, may indicate a failure of detoxifying system leading to accumulation of glycated end products.

More Related Videos

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: January 25, 2019

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Using Sydney Triage to Admission Risk Tool With Artificial Intelligence (START-AI) to Predict Inpatient Admitting Specialty for Emergency Department Patients: Single Centre Deep Learning Analysis.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA·2026

The Sydney Triage to Admission Risk Tool With Artificial Intelligence (START-AI) to Support Decision Making in Emergency Departments: Model Explainability and Feature Importance Analysis.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA·2026

Genetic association of rs373001 polymorphism in mir-130b gene with susceptibility to dyslipidaemia and correlation with lipid profile.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026

Molecular Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Pakistan: Comprehensive Variant Landscape Revealed by Targeted NGS.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Financial Burden, Out-of-Pocket Health Spending, and Household Economic Well-Being in Heart Failure Patients in India: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Survey.

Global heart·2026

The Sydney Triage to Admission Risk Tool With Artificial Intelligence (START-AI): Prediction of Inpatient Admission From Emergency Departments Using Ensemble Machine Learning.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA·2026

See all related articles