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Ecological specialization, variability in activity patterns and response to environmental change.

Talisin T Hammond1,2, Rupert Palme3, Eileen A Lacey4

  • 1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA talisintess@gmail.com.

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Ecological generalists like the lodgepole chipmunk (Tamias speciosus) show greater activity pattern variability than specialists, aiding adaptation to environmental change. This phenotypic flexibility is key for species survival in changing climates.

Keywords:
accelerometersbehaviourclimate changelocomotionplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Temporal activity patterns influence organismal exposure to environmental conditions.
  • Ecological generalists face wider environmental variations, necessitating adaptive strategies.
  • Chipmunk species (Tamias) exhibit divergent responses to environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare temporal activity patterns of a generalist (Tamias speciosus) and a specialist (Tamias alpinus).
  • Investigate how interspecific interactions affect activity patterns.
  • Determine if phenotypic variability in generalists aids environmental adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized accelerometers to collect detailed behavioral data on chipmunk activity.
  • Analyzed individual-level variation in locomotion patterns.
  • Compared activity timing and budgets between Tamias speciosus and Tamias alpinus.

Main Results:

  • Tamias alpinus displayed a narrower range of activity patterns compared to Tamias speciosus.
  • Tamias alpinus was more active during cooler, earlier parts of the day.
  • Both species altered activity patterns with increased interspecific co-occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Greater phenotypic variability in generalists like Tamias speciosus may be crucial for in situ adaptation to environmental change.
  • Activity pattern flexibility is a key mechanism for responding to environmental shifts.
  • Accelerometer data provides valuable insights into behavioral responses to ecological pressures.