Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.

Sex-linked Disorders

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neural cues differentially modulate colorectal cancer cell behavior depending on patients' genomic background.

iScience·2026

Same author

Replication stress primes a trophectoderm fate in embryonic stem cells.

Cell death discovery·2026

Same author

The Rising Burden of Early-Onset Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same author

WEE1 kinase inhibition to overcome acquired resistance to targeted therapies in colorectal cancer.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026

Same author

Mismatch Repair-Proficient Colorectal Cancer can evade Immune Surveillance Through an Intrinsic Suppressive Program.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same author

Pharmacological inhibition of PMS2 induces MMR deficiency and response to immune checkpoint blockade.

Cancer discovery·2026

Same journal

Deep learning in tumour genomics: from multi-omics integration to precision oncology.

Open biology·2026

Same journal

Understanding GnRH: local systems, signalling mechanisms and implications in female health.

Open biology·2026

Same journal

The evolution and functional significance of neuropeptide cocktails: insights from SALMFamides in asteroid echinoderms.

Open biology·2026

Same journal

Structural basis of Drosophila insulin receptor activation by DILP2 hormone.

Open biology·2026

Same journal

Parental rearing shapes brain functional networks and socio-sexual behaviours in the prairie vole.

Open biology·2026

Same journal

The periosteum as an endocrine organ: historical foundations and new insights.

Open biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Isolation and Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the Placenta

Isolation and Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the Placenta

Published on: June 24, 2008

Exploring the links between cancer and placenta development.

Vincenzo Costanzo^1,2, Alberto Bardelli^3,4, Salvatore Siena^2,5

¹IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy vincenzo.costanzo@ifom.eu.

|June 29, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cells mimic placental development to invade tissues and evade immune responses. Understanding this link could improve immunotherapies and DNA damage treatments for metastatic cancer.

Keywords:

DNA damage response DNA repair cancer

More Related Videos

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Published on: May 30, 2019

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Published on: September 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Isolation and Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the Placenta

Isolation and Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the Placenta

Published on: June 24, 2008

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Published on: May 30, 2019

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Developmental Biology
Immunology

Background:

Metastatic cancer development is a lengthy, multistage process.
Genetic instability in cancer precursors leads to heterogeneous cell populations.
Despite heterogeneity, cancers exhibit stereotypical behaviors like invasiveness and immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the poorly understood mechanisms behind stereotypical cancer properties.
To explore the potential link between embryonic development reactivation and immune response modulation in cancer.
To understand how genotoxic stress promotes cancer via early mammalian placentation programs.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms in embryonic development and cancer.
Investigation of immune evasion strategies employed by trophoblast cells and tumor cells.
Exploration of neo-antigen generation in embryos and tumors.

Main Results:

Tumors and embryos share the need to avoid immune responses.
Trophoblast cells, crucial for embryonic development, exhibit malignant features like invasion and immune evasion.
Both trophoblast and tumor cells utilize cancer immunoediting strategies.

Conclusions:

Reactivation of embryonic development programs in genetically unstable cells may drive tumor expansion and metastasis.
Understanding the parallels between placentation and cancer progression can clarify resistance to current therapies.
This knowledge may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer eradication.