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Related Concept Videos

Beams01:30

Beams

1.9K
Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
1.9K
Deflection of a Beam01:19

Deflection of a Beam

740
Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
Singularity functions, described in an earlier lesson, are powerful mathematical tools that represent discontinuities within a function commonly encountered in structural loading...
740
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

481
In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
481
Principal Stresses in a Beam01:11

Principal Stresses in a Beam

754
In prismatic beams subject to arbitrary transverse loading, It is essential to analyze the interaction between shear forces and bending moments in order to understand stress distribution and ensure structural integrity. The highest normal or bending stress occurs at the outer fibers of the beam, decreasing linearly to zero at the neutral axis. In contrast, shear stress peaks at the neutral axis and diminishes toward the outer surfaces.
Analyzing principal stresses is crucial, especially in...
754
Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

423
The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
423
Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

443
Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
443

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications
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Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

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Optically-Monitored Nanopore Fabrication Using a Focused Laser Beam.

Tal Gilboa1, Adam Zrehen1, Arik Girsault1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.

Scientific Reports
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel, rapid method for fabricating solid-state nanopores (ssNPs) using feedback-controlled laser etching. This technique allows precise control over nanopore size and location, overcoming a key barrier in sensor development.

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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores (ssNPs) are powerful single-molecule sensors with significant biomedical potential.
  • Current fabrication methods for ssNPs are a major limitation to their widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a rapid, localized, and controllable fabrication method for ssNPs.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using optical etching for nanopore creation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a focused blue laser to etch silicon nitride (SiNx) membranes in solution.
  • Employed real-time monitoring of photoluminescence (PL) from SiNx to control the etching rate.
  • Characterized nanopore morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • Achieved reproducible fabrication of ssNPs with controllable sizes and precise locations.
  • Optically-formed ssNPs demonstrated comparable electrical noise to TEM-drilled pores and successfully translocated DNA and proteins.
  • Laser-drilled ssNPs showed reduced background PL and enhanced spatial resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Feedback-controlled optical etching offers a rapid and precise method for ssNP fabrication.
  • This technique is suitable for electro-optical sensing and the in situ creation of large nanopore arrays.