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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves01:17

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Atoms and Molecules
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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A standing molecule as a single-electron field emitter.

Taner Esat1,2, Niklas Friedrich1,2, F Stefan Tautz3,4

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Summary

Researchers used scanning probe microscopy to stand a molecule upright on metal atoms, creating a novel nanostructure. This breakthrough enables new possibilities for designing functional nanoscale devices in three dimensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience and nanotechnology
  • Surface science
  • Scanning probe microscopy

Background:

  • Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) enables nanoscale imaging, spectroscopy, and manipulation.
  • Existing SPM applications have led to proof-of-principle nanoscale devices.
  • A major challenge is fabricating nanostructures that protrude from surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the fabrication of a nanostructure with a molecule in an upright geometry.
  • To overcome the typical flat adsorption of molecules on metal surfaces.
  • To explore new possibilities for three-dimensional nanostructure design.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to manipulate molecules.
  • Employed a silver adatom pedestal to support the molecule.
  • Investigated the adsorption behavior of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride on metal surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated a single molecule in an upright, standing orientation on a two-metal adatom pedestal.
  • Achieved a metastable adsorbate configuration not previously observed.
  • Demonstrated that this upright molecule functions as a coherent single-electron field emitter.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel method for creating three-dimensional nanostructures using SPM.
  • The upright molecular geometry enables new functionalities, such as field emission.
  • This approach opens avenues for designing advanced functional nanostructures in the third dimension.