The two faces of pannexins: new roles in inflammation and repair

Area of Science:

• Cell biology
• Molecular biology
• Physiology

Background:

• Pannexins are ATP-release channels found in most cell types.
• Existing research indicates pannexins have contradictory roles in health and disease.
• Their involvement spans normal cellular functions and pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the dual roles of pannexins in inflammation, regeneration, and mechanical signaling.
• To explore the basis for pannexin's dual functions.
• To speculate on therapeutic strategies targeting pannexins.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pannexin function.
• Analysis of pannexin involvement in cellular processes.
• Exploration of P2 receptor interactions.

Main Results:

• Pannexins exhibit both protective and detrimental effects.
• Extracellular ATP and K+ levels, along with P2 receptor activation, may explain these dual roles.
• Eyes, lacrimal glands, and peripheral nerves are identified as potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

• Pannexins are key regulators with context-dependent functions.
• Understanding pannexin-P2 receptor interactions is crucial for therapeutic development.
• Targeting pannexins offers promising therapeutic avenues for various conditions.