Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients
13:50

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

12.7K

Atypical presentation of critical left main disease in an HIV-infected patient

Rajeev Seecheran1, Valmiki Seecheran2, Sangeeta Persad2

  • 1Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.

International Medical Case Reports Journal
|June 29, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death in HIV patients. This case highlights silent critical left main disease (LMD) in an HIV-infected individual despite a low-risk stress test, emphasizing the need for vigilance.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of mortality in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Severe left main disease (LMD), a critical form of CAD, affects approximately 6% of HIV-infected patients.
  • Standard cardiovascular risk assessments may not adequately identify LMD in this population.

Observation:

  • A case report details an HIV-infected patient with an atypical presentation of silent critical LMD.
  • The patient exhibited a low-risk exercise stress test result, masking the severity of the coronary artery disease.
  • This presentation underscores the potential for latent cardiovascular disease in HIV-positive individuals.

Findings:

  • Silent critical LMD can occur in HIV-infected patients, presenting atypically.
  • Exercise stress tests may underestimate the risk of severe coronary artery disease in this subpopulation.
  • A high Duke treadmill score did not preclude the presence of critical LMD.

Implications:

  • Cardiovascular disease teams must maintain a high index of suspicion for LMD in HIV patients.
  • Screening protocols for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals may require re-evaluation.
  • Early detection and management of LMD are crucial for improving outcomes in HIV patients with CAD.

Keywords:
HIVhuman immunodeficiency virusleft main diseaseleft main lesionleft main stenosis

More Related Videos

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty05:53

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

17.1K
Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection08:15

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

9.2K

Related Concept Videos

Self-Presentation01:25

Self-Presentation

Self-presentation is a fundamental aspect of social interaction, shaping both how others perceive individuals and how they view themselves. This dynamic process influences behaviors in various social settings, often leading people to adjust their appearance, speech, and demeanor to align with their desired identity. While self-presentation can be deliberate or unconscious, it plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships and self-perception.Forms of Self-PresentationSelf-presentation can...
325
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
44.8K
Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation01:12

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...
225
Processes of Self-Presentation01:29

Processes of Self-Presentation

Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or...
252
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
903
Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level01:16

Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level

The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in  probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the...
13.4K