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Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging CLI for Cancer Therapy Monitoring
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Next generation immune-checkpoints for cancer therapy.

Chiara Donini1, Lorenzo D'Ambrosio1,2, Giovanni Grignani1,2

  • 1Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New immune-checkpoint inhibitors offer improved cancer treatments, but not all patients benefit. Emerging immune-modulatory molecules and novel immune-checkpoints show promise for overcoming resistance and relapse in cancer therapy.

Keywords:
Checkpointsimmunotherapylymphocytessolid tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have revolutionized cancer treatment.
  • Despite successes, many patients do not respond to current therapies, and resistance/relapse remain significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of emerging immune-modulatory molecules and novel immune-checkpoints for cancer treatment.
  • To discuss their biological functions, preclinical activity, and preliminary clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on immune-checkpoints.
  • Analysis of preclinical and early clinical trial data for novel agents.

Main Results:

  • New immune-checkpoints, both stimulatory and inhibitory, regulate T cell and innate immune responses.
  • Early clinical trials suggest favorable safety profiles and activity in difficult-to-treat cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Novel immune-checkpoints represent a promising next generation of cancer therapeutics.
  • Further clinical studies are needed to determine optimal dosing, scheduling, and combination strategies.