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Reflex responses to reductions in functioning renal mass.

M H Humphreys, S Y Lin, J Ribstein

    Federation Proceedings
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Acute kidney changes like unilateral nephrectomy and ureteral obstruction trigger kidney reflexes. These reflexes, involving the nervous and opioid systems, increase cation excretion from the remaining kidney.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Renal Physiology
    • Neuroendocrinology

    Background:

    • Unilateral kidney alterations, such as acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), induce significant changes in contralateral kidney function.
    • These changes include an acute increase in cation excretion, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms are involved.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms, particularly neural and hormonal pathways, responsible for altered cation excretion following AUN and UUO.
    • To elucidate the role of the endogenous opioid system and pituitary function in these renorenal reflexes.

    Main Methods:

    • Studies involved animal models undergoing AUN or UUO.
    • Experimental manipulations included surgical denervation of kidneys, hypophysectomy, dexamethasone administration, and naloxone infusion.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements focused on systemic hemodynamics, arterial pressure, and cation excretion (natriuresis and kaliuresis).

    • Main Results:

    • AUN and UUO both elicited increased cation excretion from the contralateral kidney.
    • Renal denervation significantly blunted or abolished these responses, highlighting the role of renal neural reflexes.
    • The endogenous opioid system and intact pituitary function were crucial, as their disruption prevented the observed natriuresis.

    Conclusions:

    • Renorenal reflexes, mediated by neural pathways and involving the endogenous opioid system, play a critical role in regulating contralateral kidney function after unilateral kidney insult.
    • Pituitary hormones, potentially proopiomelanocortin fragments, may also be involved in mediating post-nephrectomy natriuresis.