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Published on: November 21, 2011
Neonatal Intermittent Hypoxia, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
Kay D Beharry1,2,3, Charles L Cai1, Gloria B Valencia1
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Insights
Oxygen-induced injuries, known as "oxygen radical diseases in neonatology" (ORDIN), cause major preterm newborn morbidities. Strategies targeting oxidative stress may improve neonatal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Medicine
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- Preterm newborn morbidities are frequently linked to oxygen-induced injuries, termed "oxygen radical diseases in neonatology" (ORDIN).
- Key conditions include bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of oxygen-induced injuries in preterm neonates.
- To explore potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate these "oxygen radical diseases in neonatology".
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on neonatal oxidative stress and related morbidities.
- Analysis of biomolecular events contributing to oxidative stress, including relative hyperoxia and hydrogen peroxide mediation.
Main Results:
- Relative hyperoxia post-birth, immature antioxidant defenses, and factors like iron availability promote oxidative stress.
- Hydrogen peroxide is identified as a key molecular mediator in these pathological processes.
Conclusions:
- Targeting critical sites of oxidative stress with therapies like caffeine, antioxidants, and NSAIDs shows promise.
- Interventions aimed at preventing "oxygen radical diseases in neonatology" could significantly improve preterm infant outcomes.
Abstract:
Most of the major morbidities in the preterm newborn are caused by or are associated with oxygen-induced injuries and are aptly called "oxygen radical diseases in neonatology or ORDIN". These include bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and others. Relative hyperoxia immediately after birth, immature antioxidant systems, biomolecular events favoring oxidative stress such as iron availability and the role of hydrogen peroxide as a key molecular mediator of these events are reviewed. Potential therapeutic strategies such as caffeine, antioxidants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and others targeted to these critical sites may help prevent oxidative radical diseases in the newborn resulting in improved neonatal outcomes.
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