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Analysis of Fragmentation Pathways of New-Type Synthetic Cannabinoids Using Electrospray Ionization.

Karolina Sekuła1, Dariusz Zuba2, Karolina Lorek2

  • 1Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31033, Krakow, Poland. ksekula@ies.gov.pl.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Forensic analysis of novel synthetic cannabinoids is challenging due to structural similarities. This study identifies key fragmentation patterns using mass spectrometry to aid in identifying these new psychoactive substances.

Keywords:
Characteristic ionsESI-QTOFMSFragmentationIdentificationNew-type synthetic cannabinoids

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The European drug market sees a yearly influx of new psychoactive substances, with synthetic cannabinoids being the most prevalent group.
  • The constant evolution of synthetic cannabinoid structures, through modification of existing compounds, poses significant identification challenges for forensic laboratories.
  • Structural similarities and the rapid emergence of designer drugs complicate the accurate identification of novel synthetic cannabinoids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fragmentation patterns of 29 new-type synthetic cannabinoids.
  • To establish fragmentation mechanisms based on chemical structure groups.
  • To identify characteristic ions for the structural elucidation of novel synthetic cannabinoids in forensic settings.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS).
  • Analysis of 29 synthetic cannabinoid compounds under varied experimental conditions.
  • Categorization of compounds based on chemical structure to understand fragmentation pathways.

Main Results:

  • The primary fragmentation pathway involves cleavage of the bond between the carbonyl carbon atom and the attached ring or NH group.
  • Characteristic ions originating from indole/indazole and adamanyl/naphthalene/quinoline ring systems were identified.
  • Established fragmentation patterns are specific to different structural classes of synthetic cannabinoids.

Conclusions:

  • The identified fragmentation patterns and characteristic ions provide valuable data for forensic laboratories.
  • This knowledge facilitates the structural determination of newly emerging synthetic cannabinoids.
  • The study contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat the challenges posed by novel psychoactive substances.