Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026
12:04
Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy
Published on: August 14, 2012
29.5K
Further Classification for Node-Positive Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.
Linda M Pak1,2, Tingsong Yang1, Jiping Wang3,4
1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Summary
The number of positive lymph nodes significantly impacts survival in gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (GNEN). A new classification, pN1 (1-6 nodes) and pN2 (>6 nodes), improves prognostic accuracy over current AJCC staging.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Surgical Oncology
Background:
- Current AJCC staging for gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (GNEN) lacks granularity in lymph node classification.
- The existing N0/N1 system does not differentiate prognosis based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prognostic significance of the number of involved locoregional lymph nodes in resected GNEN.
- To develop and validate a refined lymph node staging system for GNEN.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the National Cancer Database (2004-2014) for GNEN patients undergoing gastrectomy.
- Utilized nearest-neighbor grouping to define survival clusters based on metastatic node count.
- External validation using the SEER database and Kaplan-Meier/Cox regression analyses.
Main Results:
- A total of 1,275 patients were included in the study.
- Patients with 1-6 positive nodes (pN1) and >6 positive nodes (pN2) showed distinct survival patterns compared to N0.
- The proposed pN classification demonstrated strong discriminatory ability for survival in both initial and external validation cohorts.
Conclusions:
- The number of metastatic lymph nodes is a critical independent prognostic factor in GNEN.
- The current AJCC N1 category should be subclassified into pN1 (1-6 positive nodes) and pN2 (>6 positive nodes) for improved prognostication.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Gastric Emptying
3.8K
Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
3.8K
01:16Gastric Motility
3.2K
Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
3.2K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
7.1K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
7.1K
01:22Force Classification
2.4K
Forces play a crucial role in the study of physics and engineering. They are essential in describing the motion, behavior, and equilibrium of objects in the physical world. Forces can be classified based on their origin, type, and direction of action.
Contact and non-contact forces are two of the most widely used categories of forces. As the name suggests, contact forces require physical contact between two objects to act upon each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional,...
Contact and non-contact forces are two of the most widely used categories of forces. As the name suggests, contact forces require physical contact between two objects to act upon each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional,...
2.4K
01:30Classification of Neurotransmitters
5.3K
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
5.3K
01:30Classification of Leukocytes
6.0K
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
6.0K