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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

41.1K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

Free Energy and Equilibrium

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The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
Recall that Q is the numerical value of the mass action...
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Calculating the Equilibrium Constant02:46

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

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The equilibrium constant for a reaction is calculated from the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of its reactants and products. If these concentrations are known, the calculation simply involves their substitution into the Kc expression.
For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:
38.1K
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

22.0K
Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

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Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
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Chronic Implantation of Multiple Flexible Polymer Electrode Arrays
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Equilibrium kinetics of self-assembling, semi-flexible polymers.

Chiu Fan Lee1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies the equilibrium kinetics of self-assembling polymers. It identifies the correct kinetic scheme for semi-flexible polymers in specific conditions, resolving conflicting scientific accounts.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Self-assembling, semi-flexible polymers are crucial in biological and technological applications.
  • Existing literature presents conflicting information regarding the equilibrium kinetics of these polymer systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve discrepancies in the understanding of self-assembling polymer equilibrium kinetics.
  • To establish a definitive kinetic scheme for semi-flexible polymers under specific conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A dynamical description of a minimal polymer model was employed.
  • The study focused on systems within an overdamped environment.
  • Analysis was conducted in the limits of high bonding energy and dilute concentration.

Main Results:

  • The correct kinetic scheme governing the equilibrium of self-assembling semi-flexible polymers was identified.
  • The findings are applicable to systems with high bonding energy.
  • The results are valid for dilute polymer concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides a clear kinetic framework for understanding self-assembling semi-flexible polymers.
  • The identified scheme resolves previous ambiguities in the field.
  • The findings are significant for both fundamental polymer science and applied technologies.