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Structure, sequence and polymorphism in the HLA-D region.

J Trowsdale, J A Young, A P Kelly

    Immunological Reviews
    |July 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Molecular analysis of the Human Leukocyte Antigen-D (HLA-D) region reveals a complex gene family. Polymorphism in DQ and DR genes, along with a new DZ alpha sequence, suggests multiple independent gene duplication events.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System

    Background:

    • The Human Leukocyte Antigen-D (HLA-D) region is crucial for immune response and transplantation.
    • Previous studies identified several alpha and beta chain sequences within the HLA-D region.
    • Understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of HLA-D is vital for immunology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To perform molecular analysis of the HLA-D region.
    • To characterize the polymorphism and evolutionary relationships of HLA-D genes.
    • To identify novel sequences and their relation to known HLA-D loci.

    Main Methods:

    • Detailed molecular analysis of the HLA-D region.
    • Sequence examination to assess gene polymorphism.

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  • Comparative analysis of alpha and beta chain sequences.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of at least 6 alpha and 7 beta chain sequences in the HLA-D region.
    • High levels of polymorphism observed in DQ alpha/beta and DR beta genes.
    • Discovery of a novel DZ alpha sequence, equally related to other alpha chain genes.

    Conclusions:

    • The HLA-D region comprises a complex gene family with significant polymorphism.
    • The newly discovered DZ alpha sequence expands our understanding of HLA-D gene organization.
    • Sequence analysis indicates multiple independent gene duplication events shaped the evolution of this gene family.