Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.8K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.8K
Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

42.9K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
42.9K
SN2 Reaction: Transition State02:26

SN2 Reaction: Transition State

12.0K
An SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide is a single-step process in which bond formation between the nucleophile and the substrate and bond breaking between the substrate and the halide occurs simultaneously through a transition state without forming an intermediate.
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
12.0K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

24.4K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
24.4K
Reaction Yield02:22

Reaction Yield

60.1K
The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product estimated to form based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The theoretical yield assumes the complete conversion of the limiting reactant into the desired product. The amount of product that is obtained by performing the reaction is called the actual yield, and it may be less than or (very rarely) equal to the theoretical yield.
60.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ammonia pressure controls colloidal metal nitride synthesis in molten salts.

Nature·2026
Same author

Self-Organized Nanoplasmonic Artificial Leaf for Hot-Carrier Bioelectronic Interfaces.

Nature photonics·2026
Same author

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in raw meat from Beijing, China, 2021-2023.

International journal of food microbiology·2026
Same author

Uncovering Electron-Transfer Mechanisms of Sulfur Anion Photosensitizers with Intramolecular Charge Transfer.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Ultrafast X-ray Pump-Probe Investigation of the Formation Dynamics of SiV Centers in Diamond.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Strong effect of the nonpolar solvent molecular structure on CdSe nanoplatelet stacking.

Nanoscale·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
07:47

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

Published on: November 27, 2015

11.3K

Binary Transition-Metal Oxide Hollow Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Pan Peng1, Xiao-Min Lin, Yuzi Liu

  • 1Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , Hubei , P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We developed novel hollow metal oxide nanoparticles using the Kirkendall effect for efficient oxygen evolution reactions (OER). These low-cost electrocatalysts demonstrate high activity in alkaline media, offering a promising alternative to precious metals.

Keywords:
Kirkendall effectOERhollow nanoparticlestransition metalswater splitting

More Related Videos

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

18.8K
Identification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Histological Samples by Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy and Hyperspectral Mapping
12:19

Identification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Histological Samples by Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy and Hyperspectral Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2015

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
07:47

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

Published on: November 27, 2015

11.3K
Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

18.8K
Identification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Histological Samples by Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy and Hyperspectral Mapping
12:19

Identification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Histological Samples by Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy and Hyperspectral Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2015

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Precious metal-based electrocatalysts are expensive for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • Transition metal oxides are explored as cost-effective alternatives.
  • The Kirkendall effect enables the synthesis of unique nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize highly active binary transition metal oxide hollow nanoparticles for OER.
  • To achieve compositional control in hollow nanoparticle synthesis.
  • To evaluate the electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Kirkendall effect for hollow nanoparticle formation.
  • Employed two strategies for compositional control: oxidation of NP seeds with cations and direct oxidation of alloy NPs.
  • Synthesized hollow Fe-Ni oxide and Fe-Co oxide nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Achieved compositional control in binary metal oxide hollow NPs.
  • Hollow Fe-Ni oxide NPs (1-4.7 Ni:Fe ratio) reached 10 mA/cm² at 0.30 V overpotential.
  • Hollow Fe36Co64-oxide NPs also reached 10 mA/cm² at 0.30 V overpotential in 0.1 M KOH.

Conclusions:

  • The Kirkendall effect is effective for creating disordered, hollow nanoparticles for OER.
  • Synthesized binary metal oxide hollow NPs show promising electrocatalytic activity.
  • These materials present a viable, low-cost alternative to precious metal OER electrocatalysts.