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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
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Cesium emissions from laboratory fires.

Wei Min Hao1, Stephen Baker1, Emily Lincoln1

  • 1a Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory , Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service , Missoula , MT , USA.

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|June 29, 2018
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Summary
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Wildfires in radionuclide-contaminated forests may emit cesium. Laboratory simulations show 1-2.5% of cesium from pine needles becomes airborne particulate matter, while peat fires leave cesium in ash.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Radiological Health
  • Fire Science

Background:

  • Radiological incidents can contaminate large areas, including forests.
  • Forest fires in contaminated zones pose risks of airborne radionuclide release.
  • Cleanup priorities often leave forest floor materials to accumulate over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the partitioning of cesium-133 during simulated wildfire events in contaminated forest biomass.
  • To quantify the amount of cesium released into the air versus remaining in ash.
  • To inform risk assessments for public and firefighter exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory simulation of wildfire conditions using pine needles and peat doped with cesium-133.
  • Analysis of airborne particulate matter and residual ash for cesium concentration.
  • Characterization of airborne cesium-containing particles by aerodynamic diameter.

Main Results:

  • Only 1-2.5% of cesium from doped pine needles was emitted as airborne particulate matter.
  • The majority of emitted cesium from pine needles was found in particles >10 µm aerodynamic diameter.
  • Virtually all cesium from doped peat remained in the residual ash; duff did not contribute to airborne cesium.

Conclusions:

  • Wildfires in radionuclide-contaminated forests have a limited potential for cesium emission, primarily from pine needles.
  • Cesium emissions are concentrated in larger particulate matter, potentially reducing widespread atmospheric dispersal.
  • Findings support the understanding of radionuclide behavior during forest fires for risk management.