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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.0K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

7.2K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

2.5K
An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
2.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

One-step Protocol for Evaluation of the Mode of Radiation-induced Clonogenic Cell Death by Fluorescence Microscopy
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One-step Protocol for Evaluation of the Mode of Radiation-induced Clonogenic Cell Death by Fluorescence Microscopy

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Radiation-Induced Gliomas.

Noel J Aherne1, Brona M Murphy2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia; RCS Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.

Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation therapy for brain tumors can rarely cause secondary radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs), with an estimated incidence of 0.5-2.7% after a 15-year latency period. Risk factors include patient age, radiation dose, and treatment volume.

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Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures
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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
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Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for brain tumors.
  • While effective, it carries risks of secondary effects, including radiation-induced tumors.
  • Radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) are a rare but documented complication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, clinical features, and management of radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs).
  • To highlight the association between prior radiation therapy and the development of RIGs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies detailing radiation-induced gliomas.
  • Analysis of incidence, risk factors, and clinical presentation of RIGs.

Main Results:

  • Radiation-induced tumors, including RIGs, can develop after head or face radiation therapy.
  • The estimated incidence of RIGs is 0.5-2.7% with a latency of approximately 15 years.
  • Risk is influenced by patient age at exposure, radiation dose, and treatment volume.

Conclusions:

  • RIGs are a rare but significant long-term risk following radiation therapy for brain tumors.
  • Understanding risk factors and clinical presentation is crucial for patient monitoring and management.