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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.0K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
18.0K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

1.8K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
1.3K
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
859
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

7.2K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
7.2K
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

2.5K
An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
2.5K

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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
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Radiation and Brain Tumors: An Overview.

Michael Grunert1, Rebecca Kassubek2, Burkhardt Danz3

  • 1Department of Radiology, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis
|June 29, 2018
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Summary

This review covers radiation's role in cancer diagnosis and treatment, focusing on brain tumors. It examines risks like secondary tumors, cognitive decline, and treatment resistance, highlighting future research needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Radiation is crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment, with advanced imaging enhancing precision.
  • Radiotherapy is vital for primary brain tumors like glioblastoma, improving survival and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review imaging techniques and the role of radiotherapy in modern cancer therapy.
  • To discuss key risks associated with ionizing radiation in oncology.
  • To identify future research directions in radiation oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of imaging modalities.
  • Historical overview of radiotherapy.
  • Analysis of radiation-induced risks in cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • Next-generation imaging aids diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone for specific brain cancers.
  • Key risks include secondary brain tumor induction, cognitive decline, and tumor cell alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and mitigating radiation risks is essential for optimizing cancer care.
  • Further research is needed to address long-term consequences and treatment resistance.
  • Balancing therapeutic benefits with potential harms is critical in radiation oncology.