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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
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Control of Multifunctional Prosthetic Hands by Processing the Electromyographic Signal.

M Zecca1, Silvestro Micera2, M C Carrozza1

  • 1ARTS Lab, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Current prosthetic hands lack natural control and sensory feedback. This review examines electromyographic (EMG) signal control methods for artificial hands, exploring future advancements in prosthetic control strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • The human hand possesses numerous degrees of freedom (DoFs) and sophisticated sensory feedback, enabling complex movements with minimal user effort after training.
  • Current prosthetic hands offer limited grasping capabilities and lack sensory feedback, failing to replicate natural hand function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review traditional methods for controlling artificial hands using electromyographic (EMG) signals.
  • To discuss the limitations of current EMG-based prosthetic hand control, particularly the inability to achieve natural control of more than two DoFs.
  • To introduce potential future developments in prosthetic hand control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on electromyographic (EMG) signal control for prosthetic hands.
  • Analysis of traditional control techniques in both clinical and research settings.
  • Identification of limitations in current multi-DoF prosthetic hand control.

Main Results:

  • Traditional EMG-based prosthetic hand control methods are limited, typically allowing control of no more than two DoFs.
  • Existing prosthetic hands fail to provide sensory feedback to the user, unlike natural hands.
  • A significant gap exists between the capabilities of natural hands and current prosthetic replications.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in EMG signal processing and control algorithms are crucial for developing more functional prosthetic hands.
  • Future research should focus on enabling intuitive, multi-DoF control and restoring sensory feedback in prosthetic devices.
  • Overcoming the limitations of current prosthetic technology is essential for improving the quality of life for individuals with limb loss.