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Related Concept Videos

Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

4.6K
When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
4.6K
Resistance01:19

Resistance

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Equivalent Resistance01:16

Equivalent Resistance

991
In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.
991
Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

520
A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their...
520
Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

675
When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
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Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

11.1K
Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

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Repurposing ebselen for decolonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Ahmed AbdelKhalek1, Nader S Abutaleb1, Haroon Mohammad1

  • 1Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ebselen shows promise in eliminating vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from the gut. This study found ebselen effective against VRE in vitro and in a mouse model, suggesting its potential as a novel decolonizing agent.

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Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
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Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a significant threat, causing life-threatening infections in high-risk patients.
  • Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) colonization by VRE is a primary risk factor for invasive VRE infections.
  • Current VRE decolonization strategies for the GIT are limited, with no approved drugs available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of ebselen as a decolonizing agent against VRE in the GIT.
  • To assess ebselen's in vitro activity, resistance development potential, anti-biofilm properties, and in vivo efficacy in a murine model.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro susceptibility testing of ebselen against various enterococcal isolates.
  • Serial passage experiments to assess resistance development to ebselen.
  • In vitro assessment of ebselen's effect on VRE biofilm formation and disruption.
  • In vivo evaluation of ebselen in a murine model for VRE colonization reduction.

Main Results:

  • Ebselen demonstrated potent in vitro activity against VRE, comparable to linezolid (MIC90 = 2 μg/ml).
  • No resistance to ebselen emerged after serial passage of VRE.
  • Ebselen inhibited VRE biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms.
  • In a murine model, ebselen significantly reduced VRE colonization in feces and intestinal tissues, comparable to ramoplanin.

Conclusions:

  • Ebselen exhibits significant potential as a novel agent for VRE decolonization of the GIT.
  • Its potent activity, lack of resistance development, anti-biofilm properties, and in vivo efficacy support further investigation.
  • Ebselen could offer a new preventative strategy against VRE infections in vulnerable patient populations.