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Approaches to 3D printing teeth from X-ray microtomography.

A J Cresswell-Boyes1, A H Barber2, D Mills1

  • 1Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Francis Bancroft Building, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, U.K.

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|June 29, 2018
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Summary

This study used X-ray microtomography (XMT) and 3D printing to create accurate artificial teeth for dental training. While the printed materials didn't perfectly match real teeth, the high accuracy of the replicas shows potential for future material testing.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingX-ray microtomographydental materialspreclinical teaching

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Dental Technology
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Preclinical dental training often uses artificial teeth that lack realistic anatomical and mechanical properties.
  • Improving the fidelity of training models is crucial for effective skill development in dentistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for three-dimensionally (3D) printing accurate artificial teeth using X-ray microtomography (XMT) data.
  • To assess the feasibility of replicating the complex internal and external structures of natural teeth for enhanced dental simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Extracted and artificial teeth were scanned using XMT at specific kV settings to generate high-contrast datasets.
  • 3D data was processed to create digital meshes, which were then modified in 3D modeling software and prepared for printing using a slicing program.
  • Multi-material 3D printing was employed using polylactic acid and thermoplastic elastomer to simulate different tooth tissues, with layer height optimized to match XMT resolution.

Main Results:

  • Multiple artificial teeth replicas were successfully printed with high geometric accuracy.
  • The study demonstrated the capability to capture and reproduce detailed tooth morphology through XMT and 3D printing.
  • Printed materials did not fully replicate the mechanical properties of natural enamel and dentine.

Conclusions:

  • XMT and 3D printing offer a viable approach for creating highly accurate artificial teeth for preclinical dental education.
  • Further research is needed to develop printing materials that better mimic the mechanical characteristics of natural tooth structures.
  • This technology holds promise for advancing the realism and effectiveness of dental training simulations.