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Related Concept Videos

GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

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G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
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Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
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Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
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Effective Desensitization to Tocilizumab in Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction.

Gabriele Cortellini1, Fabio Mascella1, Margherita Simoncelli1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Allergy Unit, Rimini Hospital, Azienda sanitaria Romagna, Rimini, Italy.

Pharmacology
|June 29, 2018
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Summary

Tocilizumab desensitization successfully treated a rheumatoid arthritis patient experiencing a delayed allergic reaction. This approach induced tolerance, allowing for effective disease management and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Delayed hypersensitivityDesensitizationTocilizumab

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
  • Tocilizumab is an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor used to treat RA.
  • Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to tocilizumab can complicate treatment.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old woman with RA developed a delayed erythematous urticarial reaction to tocilizumab.
  • Skin testing revealed a positive reaction to tocilizumab at 6 hours.
  • The reaction pattern suggested a non-immediate hypersensitivity.

Findings:

  • A modified desensitization protocol was implemented over 5 weeks, reaching a cumulative dose of 516 mg.
  • Repeat skin testing after 6 months was negative, indicating successful tolerance induction.
  • The patient achieved good control of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

Implications:

  • Tocilizumab desensitization is a viable strategy for RA patients with non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
  • This approach can restore the efficacy of tocilizumab therapy.
  • Successful desensitization improves long-term disease management and patient quality of life.